BLOG POSTS ARE PRELIMINARY MATERIALS CIRCULATED TO STIMULATE DISCUSSION AND CRITICAL COMMENT. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED ARE THOSE OF THE INDIVIDUAL AUTHORS. WHILE BLOG POSTS BENEFIT FROM ACTIVE UHERO DISCUSSION, THEY HAVE NOT UNDERGONE FORMAL ACADEMIC PEER REVIEW.
By Philip Garboden and Isabelle Picciotto
An update to the original survey results: https://uhero.hawaii.edu/survey-update-shows-widespread-hardship-for-local-businesses/
These tables divide our findings by whether or not the business is 51% or more woman owned. With a few exceptions, the bulk of the evidence suggests that women owned business have been harder hit than those owned by men. As shown below, women entrepreneurs are represented in nearly every industry sector, but appear to be somewhat overrepresented in service based industries that have been particularly hard hurt by the pandemic.
Business Outlook
Assuming no new stimulus funding |
| Percent (tourism reopen Aug. 1st) | Percent (tourism reopen Oct. 1st) |
| Business is not Woman Owned |
| I anticipate more staff cuts and other reductions. | 27.4% | 34.5% |
| I do not believe my business will survive. | 4.6% | 13.4% |
| I have already made the reductions necessary to survive. | 45.2% | 31.9% |
| My business is not impacted by the crisis in a negative way. | 22.9% | 20.3% |
| Business is Woman Owned |
| I anticipate more staff cuts and other reductions. | 32.8% | 36.8% |
| I do not believe my business will survive. | 9.5% | 27.6% |
| I have already made the reductions necessary to survive. | 52.9% | 30.9% |
| My business is not impacted by the crisis in a negative way. | 4.7% | 4.8% |
| Change in Employment by Sector |
| Is Business (at least) 51% Woman Owned? | % (at least) 51% Woman Owned | % of Revenue from Tourism | % Change Jan to April | % Change April to July |
| Accommodation |
| No | 68.6% | 95.6% | -89.2% | -2.2% |
| Yes | 31.4% | 95.2% | -67.9% | -17.4% |
| Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services |
| No | 100.0% | – | – | – |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreation |
| No | 73.5% | 89.1% | -54.8% | -61.4% |
| Yes | 26.5% | 67.2% | -61.6% | -14.5% |
| Construction |
| No | 75.0% | 29.4% | -7.2% | -3.7% |
| Yes | 25.0% | 15.0% | -12.7% | 5.6% |
| Educational services |
| No | 50.0% | – | – | – |
| Yes | 50.0% | – | – | – |
| Finance and insurance |
| No | 85.0% | 15.0% | 0.8% | 1.9% |
| Yes | 15.0% | – | – | – |
| Food services |
| No | 76.9% | 52.3% | -42.7% | 5.5% |
| Yes | 23.1% | 34.2% | -56.5% | -6.8% |
| Health care and social assistance |
| No | 86.7% | 7.2% | 0.0% | -0.3% |
| Yes | 13.3% | – | – | – |
| Industries not classified |
| No | 42.9% | 41.4% | -57.0% | -40.9% |
| Yes | 57.1% | 83.1% | -22.2% | -30.9% |
| Information |
| No | 42.9% | – | – | – |
| Yes | 57.1% | – | – | – |
| Management of companies and enterprises |
| No | 87.5% | 15.8% | -17.4% | -0.7% |
| Yes | 12.5% | – | – | – |
| Manufacturing |
| No | 79.2% | 34.4% | -5.8% | -13.7% |
| Yes | 20.8% | 66% | – | – |
| Other services (except public administration) |
| No | 55.8% | 39.4% | -24.4% | 1.3% |
| Yes | 44.2% | 50.5% | -33.1% | 20.8% |
| Professional, scientific, and technical services |
| No | 66.7% | 21.5% | -12.9% | 0.4% |
| Yes | 33.3% | 39.3% | -39.4% | 4.4% |
| Real estate and rental and leasing |
| No | 76.1% | 46.0% | -73.1% | -1.7% |
| Yes | 23.9% | 58.6% | -15.3% | -10.0% |
| Retail trade |
| No | 68.6% | 52.3% | -43.0% | -9.2% |
| Yes | 31.4% | 57.4% | -81.4% | 177.3% |
| Transportation and utilities |
| No | 100.0% | 18.9% | -12.8% | -5.3% |
| Wholesale trade |
| No | 60.0% | 33.5% | 13.1% | 1.0% |
| Yes | 40.0% | – | -30.8% | 0.0% |
| Change in Monthly Revenue January to July |
| Business is not Woman Owned | Business is Woman Owned |
| Down < 10% | 10.7% | 3.6% |
| Down 10-30% | 16.0% | 14.1% |
| Down 30-50% | 15.4% | 16.1% |
| Down 50-70% | 12.1% | 12.0% |
| Down 70-90% | 8.2% | 16.6% |
| Down 90-100% (essentially no revenue coming in) | 14.8% | 30.7% |
| Increase in revenue. | 3.1% | 3.3% |
| No change in revenue. | 18.8% | 2.8% |
| Current State of Business |
| Business is not Woman Owned | Business is Woman Owned |
| My business has remained open, but with adjustments made for social distancing | 66.7% | 65.2% |
| My business has switched to another service delivery mode (curb-side pickup, online retail, zoom, etc.) | 10.6% | 12.9% |
| My business is completely shut down | 11.3% | 17.7% |
| My business required no adjustments | 10.5% | 3.4% |
Other Sources of Emergency Funding
Sources of funding with less than 5 respondents are excluded |
| Percent |
| Business is not Woman Owned |
| Bank loan (e.g. business line of credit, payroll loan) | 10.9% |
| Bank loan (e.g. business line of credit, payroll loan), Personal funds | 5.7% |
| EIDL | 3.2% |
| None | 61.4% |
| Personal funds | 16.4% |
| Personal funds, Sale of business assets | 2.3% |
| Business is Woman Owned |
| Bank loan (e.g. business line of credit, payroll loan) | 6.6% |
| Bank loan (e.g. business line of credit, payroll loan), Personal funds | 7.5% |
| None | 43.4% |
| Personal funds | 28.4% |
| Personal funds, Sale of business assets | 14.0% |
| Percent of Jobs Lost by Job Type and Salary Range |
| % Change in Category, Jan to April 2020 | % Change in Category, April to July 2020 |
| Business is not Woman Owned |
| Full-time | -28.3% | -1.1% |
| Part-time | -28.1% | -14.2% |
| Business is Woman Owned |
| Full-time | -19.4% | -6.7% |
| Part-time | -56.7% | 37.3%* |
| Full-time Salary Range – Business is not Woman Owned |
| <$30k Salary | -13.2% | -12.6% |
| $30k – $50k | -30.3% | 1.6% |
| $50k – $100k | -30.3% | -1.8% |
| $100k – $200k | -8.4% | -1.7% |
| Full-time Salary Range – Business is Woman Owned |
| <$30k Salary | -29.9% | -28.9% |
| $30k – $50k | -33.1% | -14.0% |
| $50k – $100k | 14.6% | -37.3% |
| $100k – $200k | -29.4% | -36.8% |
| *This number is potentially anomalous and is being further investigated. |
Number of Jobs that were retained or rehired
Because of PPP Loan |
| Is Business (at least) 51% Woman Owned | Jobs Rehired | Jobs Retained |
| Part-time |
| No | 11,913 | 31,667 |
| Yes | 7,477 | 8,122 |
| Full-time |
| No | 27,282 | 109,849 |
| Yes | 10,106 | 18,098 |
| Number of Businesses that Received a PPP (Payroll Protection Program) Loan |
| Is Business (at least) 51% Woman Owned | Received PPP Loan | % Received PPP Loan |
| No | 21,051 | 68.5% |
| Yes | 9,014 | 76.7% |
